SAT考试写作时常用的修辞方法1 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物,是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。 例如: (1)Thebirdssatuponatr下面是小编为大家整理的2023SAT考试写作时常用修辞方法3篇(全文完整),供大家参考。
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物,是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
例如:
(1) The birds sat upon a tree and pouredforth their lily likevoice.
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
(2) Taste the music of Mozart.
品尝Mozart的音乐。
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物,是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
例如:
She may have tens of thousand of babiesin one summer.(From“Watching Ants”)
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的"效果。
例如:
"Of course, you only carry largenotes, no small change onyou." the waiter said to the beggar.
啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”而已。
注:
* sarcasm的特点是尖刻,往往蓄意中伤或讥讽;
* irony的特点是幽默或俏皮,故意使用同本意相反的说法,必须靠其语调或笔调表示真意;
* satire可用来泛指irony,sarcasm等,其特点是用来讽刺社会向现象或一些人,不像sarcasm那样指个人。
——SAT写作考试常用的表达技巧3篇
选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要,但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下原则是在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则:
1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如:
The situation that resulted in my grandfather"s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
从意思上来分析,上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather"s not being able to study”,而在表达这个概念时,原句用的主语是situation,谓语动词是was,不能强调需要表达的重点概念,可以改为下面这句话:My grandfather couldn"t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构。例如下面的句子:
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改为:My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更简洁的句式为:My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如:
Dairy cows were raised on the farm,which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
简介的表达方式为:The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers tothe nearest university.
4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候,才使用被动语态。例如:
In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather"s family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather"s family”,而使用了被动语态后,仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态,相对来说更简洁一些:In the fall, my grandfather"s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语,例如下面这句话:
My grandfather didn"t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达,即loiter:My grandfather didn"t have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达,例如:
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子:Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
1.不要用长句
老师亲口教导,长句有两个问题,一是*学生水*不够,很难写出语法没有错误、意思表达准确的长句,语法错误、几个逗号连用、倒装从句混合是经常的。二是看essay的人也是人,经常是那种大学生研究生,没人愿意看长句混在一起的文章,短剧更讨人喜欢,并且表达意思更加清晰,准确。
2.细节要注意
出现My brother, friend的时候要加上名字,出现university的时候要给上名字,给出事例的时候要给出时间地点人物,没人愿意看“我的弟弟去了一个大学,然后再大学里交了很多朋友,后来去了公司里那些朋友成为了他的财富”,而“我的弟弟Dan去了Upenn读书,在学校里认识了Jeff、Dennis等好朋友,而他后来去Google公司工作的`时候发现了他们成为了自己一生宝贵的财富”比上面那句好了很多。实在要写流水账也要写出细节和感觉。
3.瞎编要编的像
这个问题尤其出现在例子的应用上面,很多考生对于想要引用的例子并不是十分清楚,就自己按照一个模糊的印象进行描述。这是非常危险的事。专家建议考生在备考的时候,对于自己想要用的例子,一定要有一个清晰的了解。
4.自己的事例难写,最好不要写
应用自己的事例最重要的问题是主观性太大,没有太多的代表性。尤其是,对于自己的例子,考生提前准备的几率并不大,所以如果没有对文章结构等的把握能力,最好不要用。
——SAT考试写作部分的修辞形式3篇
Anecdote在韦氏字典的解释是这样的a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident
简言之 个人趣闻和轶事
在新SAT官方范文“Let There be dark”文章中的开头作者就运用了anecdote这个方法
At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars.
通过这样一段话,作者描述自己曾经在明尼苏达居住的地方,在晚上伸手不见五指,在夜空中可以清晰地看到流星所划过的痕迹。的确这样一则小故事能很好地让读者去回忆他们的经历,拉近作者与读者之间的距离感,引发他们的思考
学生在描述anecdote 的作用时,可参考下面的句型
1 The personal anecdote can build a bridge to the audience. By revealing the authentic/previous/real experience, author plants/conveys 观点.... in every reader’s heart. This strategy creates a connection for the audience, which can construct a sentimental common ground for readers to coincide with the author’s claim
2 The author starts his article off by recounting a personal story, which convey
引喻或是用典,是常见的写作修辞的一种 在韦氏字典的解释是这样的An indirect or brief reference to a person, event, place, phrase, piece of art, or literary work that assumes a common knowledge with the readers or listeners
中文的大概意思就是援引文学作品,历史,神话和童话中的人物,时间,地点,来作为喻体的修辞手法。其特点是不注明来源和出处,将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
我们给大家列举两个例子
比如
1 Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。
用希腊神话中的勇士 Achilles 的 heel (Achilles 除了脚踵处身上其他地方刀枪不入 引喻“弱点”。)
2 Alex met his Waterloo in this examination Alex遭遇了一次重创在这次考试中
大家都知道拿破仑正是在1815年Waterloo 战役中大败从此一蹶不振,这里用Waterloo 引喻 defeat
在新SAT官方范文“Let There be dark”文章中的这句话中使用了allusion
In a world awash with electric light...how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”?
作者用梵高所画的星空来描述夜晚的美丽,强调这是人造光无法实现的
通过上面的讲解大家应该明白引喻的效果主要是想通过简短的.例子来表达作者的意思,我们描述其作用可以用些句型
Allusion is used to convey a concept that….. by using very few words/ the figure from literature
——SAT考试作文的修辞手法详解3篇
首先,在韦氏字典中我们可以看到simile的解释是这样的a phrase that uses the words like or as to describe someone or something by comparing it with someone or something else that is similar
中文的意思就是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。simile他是比喻的一种,明显地用另外的事物来比拟某事物,表示两者之间的相似关系。常用“像”、“似”、“好像”、比如说 我弟弟倔强得像一头骡子,很难说服他。这里本体就是我弟弟,骡子就是喻体了。
下面给大家看几个例子
1 出自苏格兰著名的农民诗人Robert Burns(罗伯特·彭斯)的代表作 一朵红红的玫瑰 其开头一句是这样的;O, my love is like a red, red rose
2 I wandered lonely as a cloud 这个句子来自英国诗人 威廉·华兹华斯的一首诗歌
同样英语中有很多谚语包含着美妙的明喻,闪烁着艺术的光彩比如
1 Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit
有天资而无学识,好比树木不结果实
在我们新SAT写作文章“Beyond Vietnam—A Time to Break Silence”中我们也可找到这样的例子I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such.
同学们应该可以感受到明喻可以使得语言更加生动形象,表现更加简单明了。所以我们在描述simile这个修辞时候 可以用以下句型在段落中
1 Author uses simile to help describe people, objects or places.
2 Simile can describe the objects more vividly to engage the reader into reading the article.
首先我们看一下暗喻的定义:
Metaphor is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 从这个定义中,我们要注意到暗喻的对比是暗指的,没有明显陈述出来,也就是没有like 或者as 这样的"比喻词。
有一个经典的暗喻:The world is a stage.
以下为英语Metaphor的4种常见的运用格式:
★名词型
最常见的句式是“甲是乙”,喻体一般体现在句子的表语部分。
Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
金钱是无底的海洋,荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。
★动词型
Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested 。
书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。
★形容词型
He has a photographic memory.
他有照相机般的记忆力。
★-of短语型
它的结构是a/the+N1+of+N2
the bridge of friendship / the valley of despair.
a flower of a girl, a fox of a man
——SAT写作考试的复习方案分享3篇
1.学会审题。这里的审题主要包括两个方面:首先大家要明确题目要求,是让你分析材料中作者用了哪些写作手法来增加自己文章的可信度,那么写作手法重点需要找题目中给出的“evidence”“reasoning”和“persuasive elements”,而千万不要去写自己对于这个话题的观点,更不能通篇介绍材料讲了什么。其次,审题的时候要注意文章后面的一段话,“how XXX persuade his/her audience that ……”,其中that后面的一句话一定要注意,这就是文章的claim,自己在分析的时候也一定要提到这句话。
2.认真阅读OG里面写作部分的例题和范文。读范文的时候要求大家一边把范文中有用的句式记录下来,以便自己在考试的时候能用得上,一边还要注意分析范文的文章结构,即每一段写的是什么内容,分析的时候是什么样的逻辑。
3.对照范文学习评分标准。将评分标准中要求写到的要素在范文中一一找出来对应,感受拿分的要点,自己在写作的时候也要注意严格依据评分标准,不要漏掉拿分的要点。
4.考前练习。考前一定要练习一次,练习的时候主要把握自己的`写作速度,看是否能够按时写完;写完后对照评分标准找一下自己的扣分点。
1.掌握自己的写作速度。有的同学写作速度较慢,经过练习也无法按时完成文章,那么大家在考试的时候就要注意,时间所剩不多的情况下,尽量完成分析段的写作,一句话写一个结尾段即“作者用了哪些手法来证明了什么claim”。如果此时只完成了两个分析段,那么就把开头段中写到的第三种写作手法给擦掉就可以了。
2.总结分析套路。上课的时候老师都给大家准备了很多开头结尾的模板,选一套背下来。除此之外呢,大家要注意总结分析的模板,可以从范文中抠模板,也可以自己用最好的语言写一套出来,考试的时候直接拿来用。需要总结分析模板的几种写作手法分别是:comparison and contrast, *ogy, 四种evidence,parallel structure, climax, metaphor and simile, rhetorical question等,这些大家在日常做题的时候经常能用到,要特别关注一下。
3.多问为什么。好多同学分析文章的时候会发现不知道该说什么,而考官看来就是分析的不够深入,那么怎么去深入呢?大家在分析的时候常常会说“作者通过运用XX手法,能有效地证明claim”,这时候就可以多问几个为什么,为什么作者用了这个手法就能证明claim了,为什么这个手法能调动读者情绪,调动了读者怎样的情绪,这些情绪对文章的说服力有什么作用……然后将自己所有问题的答案按部就班地写进去,就会是一篇比较深入的分析。
4.避免语法错误。虽然是老司机,但大家还是经常出现很多语法错误,尤其是第三人称单数和单复数。考试的时候允许大家有一定数量的语法错误,但是在首段和尾段以及每一段的topic sentence一定不要出现,语法错误太多会引起writing扣分。
5.Reading提分方法。很多同学的reading被扣分是因为评分标准所说的important details及其与main idea的关系没有很好得体现出来。大家写完后可以找别人读一遍,如果别人在没有看过原文的情况下通过读你的文章就能基本了解原文的主题和内容,那么说明你的reading部分做的还不错。
——sat考试写作的优秀作文赏析3篇
Prompt:
All progress has resulted from people who took unpopular positions. Adlai Stevenson, speech at Princeton, 1954.
Assignment:
Do you agree with this statement? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your postion on this issue. Support your point of view with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
SAT Essay Sample
I believe that progress is achieved by people that take unpoplar positions. To be popular often means trying to please everyone. Progress, on the other hand, comes from making difficult decisions that often don"t satisfy everyone. Whether it"s politicians, parents, or even myself, progress has often come from making unpopular decisions.
Many politicians have to make unpopular decisions. Abraham Lincoln is revered today but during his lifetime the Civil War was very unpopular. There was rioting over the draft and the destruction of lives and property wasn"t popular either. But without the unpopular decisions he made it is hard to imagine what the United States would be like today.
My parents also make unpopular decisions. One such decision was when they sent me to summer camp when I was 14. I didn"t want to go but it turned out to be a terrific experience. I learned a lot about wildlife and nature. At the time it was not a popular thing to do but I really benefitted from it.
Even in my own life I have had to take unpopular positions that turned out to be positive ones. One such experience happened just last year. I decided to take a year between high school and college and travel abroad. At the time, it was a very unpopular position. My parents did not see the benefit in me travelling across Europe by myself. But I had the money saved and in the end they had to let me go. The experience turned out to be the best of my life. I experienced many different cultures and learned things about myself and others.
I think it is true that all progress comes from people taking unpopular positions. We see evidence of this in history as well as our own lives. To be popular requires a whole different set of skills than is needed for progress.
I"M GOING RUNNING TODAY. I am not concerned about my calorie consumption for the day, nor am I anxious to get in shape for the winter season. I just want to go running。
I used to dislike running. "If you don"t win this game, you"re all running five miles tomorrow," the field hockey coach used to warn, during those last days of October when the average temperature seemed to be decreasing exponentially. And so, occasionally, my grief-stricken team would run numerous miserable laps around the fields. At the end of these excursions, our faces and limbs would be numb, and we would all have developed those notorious flu-like symptoms; but the running made us better in the long run, I suppose. Nevertheless, I counted down the days until the end of the field hockey season, vowing never to put on a pair of running shoes again. Then I surprised myself by signing up for outdoor track in the second half of sophomore year. I was foolish to have believed that I could ever escape this insidious and magnetic addiction。
Anyone would have thought that I"d be off the team in a few days, but the last week of January caught me splashing through puddles of melted ice, and February winds nearly blew me off the track. I looked forward to practices this time around, to the claps and the persistent cheers of my fellow trackies. I was feeling a "runner"s high" spurred by the endorphins released by exercise. But to attribute my affinity for running solely to chemistry diminishes the personal importance that running has for me。
I like running—in the cool shade of the towering oak trees, and in the warm sunlight spilling over the horizon, and in the drops of rain falling gently from the clouds. Certain things become clear to me when I"m running—only while running did I realize that "hippopotami" is possibly the funniest word in the English language, and only while running did I realize that the travel section of The York Times does not necessarily provide an accurate depiction of the entire world. Running lends me precious moments to contemplate my life: while running I find time to dream about changing the world, to think about recent death of a classmate, or to wonder about the secret to college admission
Running is the awareness of hurdles between me and the finish line; running is the desire to overcome them. Running is putting up with aches and pains, relishing the knowledge that, in the end, I will have built strength and endurance. Running is the instant clarity of vision with which I can see my future just one hundred yards in the distance; it is the understanding that these crucial steps will determine victory or defeat。
Running is not the most important thing in the world to me, but it is what fulfills me when time permits. And right now, before the sun goes down, I like to take advantage of the road that lies ahead。
——sat考试的词汇背诵方法与小技巧3篇
及时重复的背诵
人的记忆周期分为短期记忆和长期记忆两种。
短期记忆的三个周期是:5分钟、30分钟、12小时;长期记忆的五个周期是:1天、2天、4天、7天、15天。
利用记忆周期,在不断的快速循环记忆中,可以有效记牢单词。及时进行单词记忆的重复很重要。
例如,可以把生词在一天内重复两或三遍,再每隔四天重复一次,*时利用零碎的闲暇时间随时翻看进行强化,这样的效果会很好。
词根词缀记忆法
SAT 单词涉猎广博,复杂难词甚至生僻和罕见的词也占有一定比例。
学生需要掌握一定的词根、词缀和词源原理,利用单词书中的词根词缀分析,尽量把单词联结成有脉络的网络体系,这样不仅记忆起来会事半功倍,做考题遇到生词的时候也会具有相应的推理揣测能力。
比较记忆法
对单词之间进行同义、反义、形近的比较,这有利于较快地扩大词汇量,使学生看到单词时能够触类旁通,举一反三,提高记单词的效率。
记单词与阅读相结合
单词在短时间内背诵记忆下来之后,如果能够结合难度相应的一定量阅读,则会起到很好的巩固效应,并且十分有益于提高 SAT 考试所需的阅读能力,堪称一举两得。
记单词与做练习相结合
一个 SAT 单词往往有多种含义,这样的单词成千上万地堆到学生面前,如果没有上下文语境 (context) 而相对孤立地记诵单词,仍然可能导致对于很多单词的意思和意义缺乏有效领会。
美国大学理事会已经公布了 54 套真题,加上 OG 等资料书中的习题,以及专业教师可能提供的练习题,已经足够学生在做题中反复提高和巩固词汇量。
在SAT考试中有两种题型中的词汇是必须看懂的,一是在分析性阅读部分中句子填空题中的考察词汇;二是在数学部分中的一些数学名词术语。面对大量的SAT词汇,我们该怎么记忆才更加有效呢?
大家在学习SAT词汇的时候,先把最核心的超高频词汇搞定,大概在3500—4000左右,对于这些词汇,一定要在含义,拼写和用法上都做到熟练掌握。
然后大家就可以根据自己的实际情况决定什么时候开始记忆SAT词汇了。
根据一般高中生参加SAT考试的规律,大家在高一上半学期开始培养自己的词汇能力,反复记忆SAT词汇比较合适。
这是因为高一的时候,考生的课程相对不多,所学的知识点也都相对简单,有空余的`时间来记忆SAT词汇。
由于参加SAT考试的高中生本身在学校的课程就很多,没有大块的时间空出来记忆词汇,所以很多考生都对SAT词汇的记忆抱持着一种用到在说的想法,或者是强行在短时间内突击所有的词汇,导致在记忆词汇的时候发生夹生的现象。
1、不能拼错的词汇
在SAT考试中有三种层次的单词,记忆要求最高的是作文词汇,在写作时所需要使用的词汇必须会拼写,如果不会拼写这些写作的常用词汇,那么将会出现提笔忘字的滑稽局面:想写一个温和仁慈的人的形象,charitable这个词怎么也拼写不出来,facile也想不起来,然后kind也没想到(当然即使写成kind也十分*淡),结果写上了一个good,就是一个好人的意思,整篇文章就是这个人是个好人,是个好人,考官一看这个好人满眼的文章,好成绩是不会给你的,倒不是因为考官不是好人,而是因为,能写出这样的好人的人实在太多,太*庸了,要知道,*庸的大多数是不会得到出类拔萃的成绩的。
2、必须看懂的单词
记忆水*比写作常用词汇要求稍低的是这个层面的词汇,也就是必须要看懂的,看到了要知道是什么意思的单词,不需要会熟练拼写,只需要认识就可以了。为什么不需要熟练拼写呢-因为SAT考试中这些单词会出现在考卷上,出现在考题中,都是写得清清楚楚的,当然也是拼写正确的。故此这些单词对于考生而言只要认识就可以了,不需要会拼写,拼写是出题人的工作,而不是考生的。